Fig. 1.

Expression levels of BoLOX, BoMYC, BoVSP, and BoPIN genes 2 h after treatments were applied to B. oleracea plants. Treatments: undamaged plants (Ud, white bars); mechanical damage consisting of three needle punctures (Md, black bars); herbivore treatments with P. rapae (light gray) or P. brassicae (dark gray): true herbivory (Th), mechanical damage plus regurgitant from unparasitized caterpillars (Up) or caterpillars parasitized by Cotesia glomerata (Cg), Hyposoter ebeninus (He), or Compsilura concinnata (Cc).