Fig. 2.

Oviposition preference of diamondback moth (P. xylostella) for B. oleracea leaves induced by feeding damage of parasitized or unparasitized caterpillars of P. rapae or P. brassicae. Treated leaves were offered in two-choice tests, testing (A) leaves damaged by unparasitized (Up) caterpillars, H. ebeninus-parasitized (He) caterpillars, and C. glomerata-parasitized (Cg) caterpillars of P. rapae (Pr) and P. brassicae (Pb) against undamaged leaves; (B) pairs of leaves damaged by the same herbivore species but parasitized by different parasitoids; and (C) pairs of leaves damaged by different herbivore species that were parasitized by the same parasitoid species.