Table 2.

Quantitative data on subsistence economy collated for each population

Population	Predominant subsistence economy	Gathering	Hunting	Fishing	Animal husbandry	Agriculture	Milking
Ibo	Extensive agriculture	0–5%	0–5%	0–5%	6–15%	86–100%	1
Italians	Intensive agriculture	0–5%	0–5%	16–25%	16–25%	56–65%	2
Japanese	Intensive agriculture	0–5%	0–5%	6–15%	6–15%	76–85%	1
Chinese	Intensive agriculture	0–5%	0–5%	6–15%	6–15%	76–85%	1
Mongolian	Mostly pastoralism	0–5%	6–15%	0–5%	76–85%	6–15%	2
Hawikuh	Intensive agriculture	26–35%	6–15%	6–15%	0–5%	46–55%	1
Biaka/Mbuti	Mostly hunting	26–35%	66–75%	0–5%	0–5%	0–5%	1
San	Mostly gathering	76–85%	16–25%	0–5%	0–5%	0–5%	1
Alaskan	Mostly hunting	6–15%	66–75%	16–25%	0–5%	0–5%	1
Greenland	Mostly fishing	6–15%	16–25%	66–75%	0–5%	0–5%	1
Australian	Mostly gathering	56–65%	36–45%	0–5%	0–5%	0–5%	1

For each category of subsistence dependence, the following ordinal scale was used: 0 = 0–5%, 1 = 6–15%, 2 = 16–25%, 3 = 26–35%, 4 = 36–45%, 5 = 46–55%, 6 = 56–65%, 7 = 66–75%, 8 = 76–85%, 9 = 86–100%. The predominant subsistence economy assigned in the Ethnographic Atlas database was used to assign populations into two groups: agriculturalist/pastoralist and hunter/gatherer/fishers. For the milking variable, 0 = missing, 1 = little/none, 2 = more often than sporadically.