Table 4.
Intakes of macronutrients
| Intakes | Reference values | Cluster | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I (n = 42) | II (n = 21) | III (n = 8) | IV (n = 14) | ||
| Energy (kcal) | |||||
| X ± SD | 1,584 ± 286 a | 1,518 ± 362 a, b | 1,854 ± 488 b, c | 1,858 ± 290 c | |
| Median | 1,900–2400a | 1,600 | 1,570 | 1,938 | 1,810 |
| Range | 993–2,116 | 787–2,024 | 944–2,390 | 1,480–2,339 | |
| Protein (g) | |||||
| X ± SD | 57.7 ± 9.3 a | 55.3 ± 12.9 a | 67.0 ± 13.4 b | 68.6 ± 9.0 b | |
| Median | 33–58b | 57 | 55 | 69 | 69 |
| Range | 42–80 | 36–77 | 46–85 | 57–89 | |
| Fat (g) | |||||
| X ± SD | 61.5 ± 17.2 a | 60.5 ± 19.5 a | 77.4 ± 17.3 b | 77.1 ± 18.1 b | |
| Median | 51–98b | 60 | 57 | 75 | 71 |
| Range | 26–96 | 21–95 | 46–100 | 57–111 | |
| Carbohydrates (g; total) | |||||
| X ± SD | 214 ± 44 a, b | 202 ± 56 a | 237 ± 77 a, b | 241 ± 36 b | |
| Median | 260–330c | 210 | 193 | 261 | 241 |
| Range | 130–310 | 104–313 | 93–312 | 183–300 | |
| Fiber (g) | |||||
| X ± SD | 16.1 ± 4.2 a | 17.5 ± 6.6 a, b | 16.1 ± 5.6 a, b | 19.5 ± 5.1 b | |
| Median | 20–40d | 15.9 | 17.7 | 18.1 | 18.9 |
| Range | 8.7–29.5 | 7.8–32.0 | 6.9–23.1 | 12.8–30.1 | |
Values in rows not sharing a common letter are significantly different (p < 0.05)
X ± SD arithmetic mean ± standard deviation
aEER for Polish women aged 19–30 years, low to moderate physical activity level [18]
bEAR for Polish women aged 19–30 years old [18]
cAssumption: at least 55% of energy should come from carbohydrates [18]
dRecommendations for Polish adults [18]