Table 5.
Intakes of some micronutrients
| Intake | Reference values | Cluster | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I (n = 42) | II (n = 21) | III (n = 8) | IV (n = 14) | ||
| Mg (mg) | |||||
| X ± SD | 277 ± 75 a | 319 ± 117 a, b | 337 ± 78 b | 348 ± 67 b | |
| Median | 255a | 263 | 296 | 344 | 348 |
| Range | 114–506 | 153–644 | 223–462 | 246–468 | |
| K (mg) | |||||
| X ± SD | 2,671 ± 55 a | 2,757 ± 772 a | 2,685 ± 791 a, b | 3,180 ± 558 b | |
| Median | 4,700b | 2,614 | 2,692 | 2,678 | 3,033 |
| Range | 1,022–3,877 | 1,440–4,370 | 1,354–3,817 | 2,594–4,465 | |
| Nac (mg) | |||||
| X ± SD | 2,403 ± 1,326 | 2,029 ± 688 | 2,575 ± 691 | 2,053 ± 777 | |
| Median | 1,500b | 2,007 | 1,922 | 2,708 | 2,482 |
| Range | 691–6,954 | 1,034–3,809 | 1,543–3,393 | 1,196–4,234 | |
| P (mg) | |||||
| X ± SD | 1,100 ± 160 a | 1,130 ± 231 a, b | 1,341 ± 247 b, c | 1,511 ± 215 c | |
| Median | 580a | 1,074 | 1,110 | 1,332 | 1,463 |
| Range | 718–1,486 | 696–1,440 | 1,005–1,756 | 1,214–2,059 | |
| Ca/P in diet (mg/mg) | |||||
| X ± SD | 0.57 ± 0.11 a | 0.66 ± 0.17 b | 0.78 ± 0.18 b | 0.74 ± 0.08 b | |
| Median | >1 | 0.57 | 0.65 | 0.82 | 0.73 |
| Range | 0.38–0.80 | 0.34–1.10 | 0.53–1.04 | 0.65–0.96 | |
| Fe (mg) | |||||
| X ± SD | 11.5 ± 6.1 a | 10.7 ± 4.6 a | 19.5 ± 11.1 b | 11.7 ± 2.21 a | |
| Median | 8a | 9.38 | 10.6 | 16.6 | 12.0 |
| Range | 6.40–31.1 | 5.00–25.8 | 8.70–41.7 | 8.00–15.7 | |
| Zn (mg) | |||||
| X ± SD | 11.5 ± 10.5 | 11.8 ± 6.8 | 13.3 ± 5.80 | 14.6 ± 10.7 | |
| Median | 6.8a | 8.30 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 10.5 |
| Range | 4.91–62.6 | 4.80–29.5 | 7.70–22.5 | 7.60–48.3 | |
| Cu (mg) | |||||
| X ± SD | 1.15 ± 0.70 a | 1.26 ± 0.83 a, b | 1.52 ± 0.76 a, b | 1.50 ± 0.73 b | |
| Median | 0.7a | 0.98 | 1.1 | 1.20 | 1.30 |
| Range | 0.50–3.90 | 0.50–4.00 | 0.89–2.90 | 1.00–3.90 | |
| Vitamin A (μg) | |||||
| X ± SD | 1,143 ± 811 a | 1,478 ± 1353 a, b | 1,553 ± 412 b | 1,577 ± 991 a, b | |
| Median | 500a | 876 | 1,125 | 1,674 | 1,147 |
| Range | 293–3,924 | 212–5,916 | 916–2,017 | 381–3,315 | |
| Vitamin E (mg) | |||||
| X ± SD | 19.9 ± 35.5 | 15.9 ± 13.8 | 18.4 ± 6.8 | 25.1 ± 30.8 | |
| Median | 8b | 9.6 | 12.0 | 17.5 | 14.6 |
| Range | 4.60–215 | 3.35–69.4 | 8.9–26.3 | 9.30–123 | |
| Vitamin C (mg) | |||||
| X ± SD | 88.2 ± 112 | 101 ± 81.0 | 108 ± 26.7 | 85.5–32.6 | |
| Median | 60a | 56.0 | 84.1 | 99.1 | 89.0 |
| Range | 9.60–725 | 20.7–369 | 77.5–151 | 19.3–141 | |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | |||||
| X ± SD | 1.47 ± 1.03 a | 1.25 ± 1.08 a | 3.33 ± 1.88 b | 1.14 ± 0.37 a | |
| Median | 0.9a | 1.01 | 1.02 | 2.34 | 1.09 |
| Range | 0.54–4.70 | 0.44–5.40 | 1.63–6.18 | 0.68–2.01 | |
| Vitamin B2 (mg) | |||||
| X ± SD | 1.86 ± 1.20 a | 1.57 ± 0.57 a | 4.33 ± 3.11 b | 2.70 ± 2.94 a | |
| Median | 0.9a | 1.31 | 1.31 | 3.50 | 1.79 |
| Range | 0.87–5.53 | 0.98–2.85 | 2.24–11.8 | 1.39–12.7 | |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | |||||
| X ± SD | 2.47 ± 1.58 a | 3.07 ± 4.19 a | 5.77 ± 5.66 b | 2.99 ± 2.84 a, b | |
| Median | 1.1a | 1.83 | 1.94 | 3.06 | 2.26 |
| Range | 0.81–6.68 | 0.80–23.83 | 1.98–16.6 | 1.18–12.6 | |
| Vitamin PP (mg) | |||||
| X ± SD | 22.2 ± 17.0 a | 14.8 ± 8.9 b | 25.8 ± 8.0 a | 21.7 ± 28.2 a, b | |
| Median | 11a | 16.9 | 13.8 | 26.3 | 14.6 |
| Range | 8.80–108 | 6.40–48.1 | 12.5–35.5 | 6.30–119 | |
| Folates (μg) | |||||
| X ± SD | 220 ± 120 a, b | 199 ± 68 a | 306 ± 158 b | 257 ± 105 a, b | |
| Median | 320a | 184 | 193 | 241 | 245 |
| Range | 117–666 | 86.3–355 | 134–538 | 121–563 | |
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | |||||
| X ± SD | 4.16 ± 2.29 a | 3.61 ± 2.00 a | 7.47 ± 3.27 b | 6.09 ± 3.52 b | |
| Median | 2.0a | 3.11 | 2.87 | 8.12 | 4.45 |
| Range | 1.70–8.80 | 1.39–8.08 | 3.46–12.5 | 3.10–14.1 | |