Table 1. Subject Characteristics.
| Patients with schizophrenia (n=15) | Healthy volunteers (n=22) | Statistical test | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (mean±SD) | 30.6±12.5 | 34.1±12.0 | t35=−0.85, p=0.40 |
| Gender | 11 M, 4 F | 17 M, 5F | χ2=0.08, p=0.78 |
| Handednessa | 12 R, 2 L | 18 R, 4 L | χ2=0.0935, p=0.76 |
| Family SESa | 46.5±14 | 52±11.1 | t34=−1.32, p=0.2 |
| Cognitive measures | |||
| Years of education | 13.5±1.9 | 15.5±1.9 | t35=−3.10, p<0.01 |
| WRAT reading score | 98.9±14.9 | 109.4±9.29 | t35=−2.63, p=0.01 |
| Clinical measures | |||
| Age of onset, years | 19.0±3.0 | ||
| Duration of illness (years)b | 14.1±12.0 | ||
| Chlorpromazine equivc,a | 595.8±491.1 | ||
| PANSS positive factord | 12.9±4.0 | ||
| PANSS negative factord | 15.4±4.0 | ||
| PANSS cognitive factord | 14.1±3.5 | ||
| PANSS excitement factord | 9.0±1.8 | ||
| PANSS depression factord | 9.0±3.1 | ||
Abreviations: F, female; L, left-handed; M, male; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; R, right-handed; WRAT, Wide Range Achievement Test.
a
Data missing for one patient. SES based on Hollingshead (1975).
b
Based on the age at first hospitalization.
c
Calculated using Woods (2003).
d
Patients' symptoms were rated with the PANSS by an experienced nurse or a psychiatrist and were summarized in five factor scores (Lindenmayer et al, 1995).