Table 1.

Comparison of PKCθ^−/−, PKCη^−/−, and DKO mice. IS, immunological synapse.

	PKCθ KO	PKCη KO#	DKO#
Thymocytes
Positive selection	Mildly impaired#	Normal	Strongly impaired
Negative selection	Normal	Normal	ND
Mature T cells
CD4:CD8 T cell ratio	Lower than WT	Higher than WT	Equal to WT
Proliferation
to αCD3 in vitro	Severely impaired	Mildly impaired	≈ PKCθ KO
to PMA/iono	Normal	Normal	ND
to antigen in vivo	Normal or Impaired	Impaired	ND
to antigen in vitro	Impaired	Impaired	ND
Homeostatic prolif.
Non-Tg	CD8 Normal	CD8 impaired	Strongly impaired
OT-I Tg	Normal#	Impaired	Strongly impaired
Signaling events
Ca2+ flux	Impaired	Impaired	ND
NF-κB translocation	Impaired	Impaired	ND
Recruitment to IS*	Recruited, central region	Recruited, diffuse pattern

^*Not based on knockout mice.

^#Based on data obtained from this study. ND: not determined.