Table 4.
Effects on Immune System, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence Score, Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale, and Daily Cigarette Consumption
| |
|
Change,amean (SE) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Baseline, mean (SD) | Week 4 | Week 12 | Week 24 |
| CD4 count, cells/mm3, n=36 | 601 (291) | −2 (22) | 20 (23) | 69 (20)b |
| Log10 viral load if detectable, n=6 | 3.79 (0.73) | −0.20 (0.17) | −0.39 (0.25) | −0.64 (0.42) |
| FTDN score, n=17 | 5.5 (2.3) | −3.1 (0.6)c | −1.6 (0.5)b | −2.1 (0.6)b |
| MNWS, n=36 | ||||
| Negative affect | 3.4 (3.3) | −0.4 (0.6) | −0.5 (0.7) | 0.1 (0.7) |
| Insomnia | 3.1 (2.7) | −0.2 (0.5) | −0.9 (0.4)d | 0.4 (0.5) |
| Restlessness | 1.2 (1.2) | −0.1 (0.2) | −0.2 (0.2) | 0 (0.2) |
| Increased appetite | 0.9 (1.2) | 0.5 (0.2)d | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.3) |
| Craving | 2.6 (1.0) | −1.1 (0.2)c | −1.2 (0.3)c | −1.1 (0.2)c |
| Cigarettes per day, n=17 | 19 (11) | −11 (2)c | −7 (2)b | −5 (2)d |
Change, calculated by comparing to baseline.
p<0.01.
p<0.001.
p<0.05.
FTND scores of 0–2 indicate very low nicotine dependence; 3–4, low; 5, medium; 6–7, high; and 8–10 very high.24 Negative affect includes depressed mood, irritability/frustration/anger, anxiety/nervousness and difficulty concentrating, with subscore ranging 0–16; insomnia includes difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep, with subscore ranging 0–8; restlessness ranging 0–4; increased appetite 0–4, and craving 0–4. In each subdomain, higher scores indicated more severe nicotine withdrawal symptoms.27
FTDN, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence; MNWS, Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error.