Table 2.

Rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) of incident pneumonia by self-reported sleep duration

	Hours of Sleep Per Day
	≤ 5	6	7	8	≥ 9
Number of Incident Pneumonia Cases	73	245	401	196	62
Age-Adjusted Relative Risk	1.70 (1.30-2.23)	1.29 (1.07-1.56)	1.15 (0.97-1.37)	1.00	1.49 (1.12-1.98)
Multivariate Model #1*	1.53 (1.17-2.01)	1.23 (1.02-1.49)	1.15 (0.97-1.36)	1.00	1.45 (1.09-1.93)
Multivariate Model #2§	1.39 (1.06-1.82)	1.17 (0.96-1.41)	1.14 (0.96-1.35)	1.00	1.38 (1.04-1.84)

^*Adjusted for age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and caffeine consumption.

^§Adjusted for above plus body mass index, depressed mood, hypertension, snoring, and shift work.