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. 2011 Nov 22;205(1):97–105. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jir700

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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2011.

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Figure 4. — Two-way hierarchical cluster analysis of cytokine concentrations in blood and semen. A, Cluster analysis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–uninfected individuals. B, Cluster analysis for HIV-1–infected individuals. The analysis was performed using Ward`s method on log-transformed blood and semen cytokine concentrations. Cytokine levels are expressed as color scales (blue represents low levels; red, high levels). Dendrograms under color scales classify 2 clusters according to cytokine profiles in different individuals. Dendrograms on left side reflect proximities of cytokines. Comparisons of relative cytokine levels and cytokine profiles in samples of blood and seminal plasma disclose 2 distinct cytokine profiles in both HIV-uninfected and HIV-1–infected individuals. Abbreviations: GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; IP, interferon gamma-induced protein; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; MIG, monokine induced by gamma interferon; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; SDF, stromal cell-derived factor; TGF, transforming growth factor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.