Fig. 4.

Durations (mean ± SE) of submissive and defensive, aggressive, social and nonsocial behaviors are shown during a 5 min test with a non-aggressive intruder. Animals that experienced a 15 min social defeat (shaded bars) and no defeat controls (white bars) received an injection of flesinoxan or vehicle into the BLA 10 min prior to behavioral testing. Asterisks (*) indicate treatments that differ from socially defeated vehicle controls. Double asterisks (**) positioned above a horizontal line indicate that defeated individuals differ from no defeat controls.