Table 2.
Hypertonic saline or mannitol use for ≥ 2 days (N = 6,093 with length of stay ≥ 2 days), by hospital and injury characteristics and ICP monitoring
| Hypertonic Saline, n(row%) | X2p | Mannitol, n(row%) | X2p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 1,191 of 6,093 | n = 1,204 of 6,093 | ||||
| Hospital ACSa Trauma level | <0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| I (n = 1,983) | 388(20) | 454(23) | |||
| II (n = 520) | 59(11) | 84(16) | |||
| none (n = 3,590) | 744(21) | 666(19) | |||
| Injury Type | |||||
| Any ICHb vs. none | 931(21) | < 0.001 | 936(22) | < 0.001 | |
| (n = 4,347) | |||||
| Any skull fracture vs. none | 695(21) | 0.009 | 707(21) | 0.004 | |
| (n = 3,350) | |||||
| EDHc, no fracture (n = 220) | 28(13) | 0.009 | 24(11) | 0.001 | |
| SAHd, no fracture (n = 536) | 102(19) | 0.752 | 100(19) | 0.502 | |
| SDHe, no fracture (n = 1,232) | 238(19) | 0.821 | 273(22) | 0.018 | |
| Head/Neck AISf | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| 3 (n = 3,040) | 532(18) | 521(17) | |||
| 4 (n = 1,931) | 385(20) | 369(19) | |||
| 5–6 (n = 1,122) | 274(24) | 314(28) | |||
| ISSg | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| < 15 (n = 2,302) | 389(17) | 401(17) | |||
| ≥ 15 (n = 3,791) | 802(21) | 803(21) | |||
| ICPh Monitor | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| Yes (n = 2,248) | 893(40) | 899(40) | |||
| No (n = 3,845) | 298(8) | 305(8) | |||
a
ACS = American College of Surgeons, Pediatric Trauma Designation
b
ICH = Intracranial hemorrhage
c
EDH = epidural hematoma without skull fracture (ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes 852.4 and 852.5)
d
SAH = subarachnoid hemorrhage without skull fracture (ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes 852.0 and 852.1)
e
SDH = subdural hemorrhage without skull fracture (ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes 852.2 and 852.3)
f
AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale score, Head/Neck body region, derived using ICDMAP-90
g
ISS = Injury Severity Score, derived using ICDMAP-90