Table 2.
Summary of clinical studies
Study | Description | Treatment | Mortality | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
Addo & Poon-King [84] | Uncontrolled 72 patients | CP, Dex, MP, vitamin B, vitamin C | 28% | No follow-up after discharge. Plasma paraquat measured in only 25 patients. Of the patients who had concentrations over 2 mg l−1, only 6/18 survived |
Afzali & Gholyaf [87] | RCT 20 patients | CP, Dex, MP vs. conventional treatment | 33% vs. 81% | Plasma paraquat not measured. Sample size and power calculation not performed, no follow-up after discharge |
Perriens et al. [89] | Uncontrolled 47 patients | CP, Dex vs. conventional treatment | 63% vs. 61% | Exposure confirmed |
Lin et al. [86] | RCT 23 patients | CP, Dex, MP vs. conventional treatment | 31% vs. 86% | Power calculation not done. No follow-up after discharge |
Lin et al. [80] | RCT 50 patients | CP, Dex, MP vs. conventional treatment | 68% vs. 82% | 71 patients were excluded from post hoc analysis. Plasma paraquat not measured. No follow-up after discharge |
Lin et al. [85] | 16 patients 17 historic controls | CP, Dex, MP | 25% vs. 70% | Exposure unconfirmed. Used historic controls. No follow-up after discharge |
Yasaka et al. [28] | Uncontrolled 9 patients | Vitamin E 100–4000 mg day−1 | 78% | |
Hong et al. [99] | Uncontrolled 5 patients | Vitamin C escalating doses | 0% |
CP, cyclophosphamide; Dex, dexamethasone; MP, methylprednisolone; DFO, desferroxamine.