. 2011 Nov;72(5):787–797. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04019.x

Table 2.

Pharmacokinetics of S- and R- verapamil, PR prolongation and changes in blood pressure following single doses of 80 mg to healthy control and Crohn's patients in remission or with active disease

Verapamil enantiomer	Control (n = 9)	Crohn's disease remission (n = 22)	Active (n = 14)
t_max (min)
S	60 (40–60)^a	60 (40–60)^a	60 (40–120)^a
95% CI	0.74, 1.46	0.81, 1.33	0.57, 1.83
R	60 (20–60)^a	60 (40–60)^a	60 (20–60)^a
95% CI	0.60, 0.88	0.79, 1.21	0.67, 1.93
C_max (ng ml-1)
S	19.9 ± 10.5^a	39.3 ± 51.6^a	189.7 ± 243.1^b
95% CI	13.0, 26.8	17.7, 60.9	62.0, 317
R	278 ± 127^a	353 ± 313^a	558 ± 538^b
95% CI	195, 361	222, 484	271, 840
t_1/2 (h)
S	4.33 ± 1.93^a	3.56 ± 1.55^a	17.0 ± 22.7^b
	(n = 4)	(n = 11)	(n = 11)
95% CI	2.44, 6.22	2.64, 4.48	3.59, 30.41
R	3.16 ± 1.04^a	3.13 ± 1.23^a	3.13 ± 1.54^a
	(n = 9)	(n = 22)	(n = 13)
95% CI	2.48, 3.84	2.62, 3.64	2.29, 3.97
AUC (ng ml-1 h)
S	61.7 ± 46.8^a	95.5 ± 140.7^a	537 ± 598^b
95% CI	31.1, 92.3	36.71, 154.3	222, 849
R	723 ± 453^a	720 ± 755^a	1714 ± 1693^a
95% CI	427, 1019	396, 1044	827, 2601
PR interval prolongation
% max/baseline	21.4 ± 14.9^a	14.8 ± 9.8^a	17.0 ± 17.0^a
95% CI	11.7, 31.1	10.7, 18.9	2.86, 31.1
AUEC, %.h	44.3 ± 45.1^a	36.0 ± 41.4^a	32.2 ± 67.8^a
95% CI	14.8, 73.8	18.7, 53.3	−3.32, 67.7
Blood pressure (%)
Systolic	13.4 ± 10.0^a	10.8 ± 4.4^a	12.2 ± 7.5^a
95% CI	6.87, 19.9	8.96, 12.6	8.17, 16.2
Diastolic	12.6 ± 3.5^a	9.4 ± 3.0^a	9.9 ± 3.6^a
95% CI	10.3, 14.9	8.15, 10.7	8.01, 11.8
Heart rate (%)	11.3 ± 5.8^a	10.9 ± 5.3^a	9.6 ± 5.0^a
95% CI	7.51, 15.1	8.69, 13.1	6.98, 12.2

Different characters in the row indicate significant difference at α = 0.05. Blood pressure (mmHg) and heart rates are changes from baseline. Experimental points from fewer patients were used to calculate t_1/2 due to fluctuation. Data are presented as mean ± SD except for C_max, t_1/2 and AUC that are geometric means ± SD and t_max is median (range).