Table 1.

Use cases for various types of parenthesized data. These are expanded on in the Discussion section.

Category	Use case
Gene symbol or gene abbreviation	Gene normalization, coreference resolution
Citation	Summaries, high-value sentences, bibliometrics
Data value	Information extraction
P-value	Link weighting, meta-analysis
Figure/table pointer	Strong indicator of good evidence
List element	Mapping sub-figures to text
Singular/plural	Distinguish from other categories
Part of gene name	Gene normalization
Parenthetical statement	Potentially ignorable, or information extraction target