. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2011 Oct;9(10):1315–1330. doi: 10.1586/erc.11.120

Table 3.

Overview of carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy trials.

Trial (year)	Stenosis (%)	Treatment	Results
EVA-3S (2006)	≥60 symptomatic	CEA versus CAS	Terminated early due to higher deaths and strokes in the stenting group

SAPPHIRE (2004)	>50 symptomatic	CEA versus CAS	Stenting noninferior to CEA in high-risk patients
SAPPHIRE (2004)	≥80 asymptomatic	CEA versus CAS	Stenting noninferior to CEA in high-risk patients

SPACE (2008)	≥50 symptomatic	CEA versus CAS	Results were not similar enough to prove noninferiority of stenting

ICSS (2010)	≥50 symptomatic	CEA versus CAS	Risk of any stroke was higher with stenting 7.7% versus 4.1% with surgery

CREST (2010)	≥50 symptomatic	CEA versus CAS	Periprocedural stroke, MI, or death or ipsilateral stroke 7.2% with stenting versus 6.8% with surgery
CREST (2010)	≥60 asymptomatic	CEA versus CAS

CAS: Carotid artery stenting; CEA: Carotid endarterectomy; CREST: Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial; EVA-3S: Endarterectomy Versus Stenting in Patients With Symptomatic Severe Carotid Stenosis Trial; ICSS: International Carotid Stenting Study; MI: Myocardial infarction; SAPPHIRE: Stenting and Angioplasty With Protection in Patients at High Risk for Endarterectomy; SPACE: Stent-Protected Angioplasty Versus Carotid Endarterectomy in Symptomatic Patients Trial.

Data taken from [82,84,85].