FIGURE 2.
HDAC3 activity is essential for galectin-9 expression. A, IFN-γ increases HDAC activity. HUVECs were treated with 10 ng/ml IFN-γ for the time indicated, followed by HDAC activity assay. Arbitrary unit was defined as A420 nm/μg of protein with untreated set as 1.0. *, p < 0.05. B–D, apicidin decreased the basal level and IFN-γ-induced galectin-9 expression. HUVECs were pretreated with 200 nmol/liter apicidin for 1 h, then treated with 10 ng/ml IFN-γ for 16 h in the presence of apicidin, followed by immunofluorescent staining (B: green, galectin-9; blue, DAPI; Scale bar, 5 μm), Western blot assay (C) and quantitative RT-PCR analysis (D) are shown. *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.0001. Data presented are representative of mean ± S.E. (error bars) of three independent experiments. DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide.