Table 3.
Agents that the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified as probably carcinogenic or possibly carcinogenic to humans and associated cancer sites
| Suspected carcinogenic agent | Cancer sites with limited evidence in humans | Volume and year of latest IARC review |
| Androgenic (anabolic) steroids | Liver; prostate | Sup 7 (1987) |
| Art glass, glass containers and pressed ware (manufacture of) | Lung | 58 (1993) |
| Biomass fuel (primarily wood), indoor emissions from household combustion of | Lung | 95 (2010) |
| Bischloroethyl nitrosourea (BCNU) | Leukemia | Sup 7 (1987) |
| Carbon electrode manufacture | Lung | 92 (2010) |
| Carpentry and joinery | Nasal cavity | Sup 7 (1987) |
| Chloramphenicol | Leukemia | 50 (1990) |
| Alpha-Chlorinated toluenes and benzoyl chloride (combined exposures) | Lung | 71 (1999) |
| Chlorophenoxy herbicides | Several sites | Sup 7 (1987) |
| 4-Chloro-ortho-toluidine | Urinary bladder | 99 (2010) |
| Cobalt metal with tungsten carbide | Lung | 86 (2006) |
| Coffee | Urinary bladder; note: some evidence of reduced risk in large bowel | 51 (1991) |
| Creosotes | Skin | 92 (2010) |
| Dry cleaning | Esophagus; urinary bladder | 63 (1995) |
| Engine exhaust, diesel | Lung; urinary bladder | 46 (1989) |
| Frying, emissions from high temperature | Lung | 95 (2010) |
| Hairdressers and barbers (occupational exposure) | Urinary bladder | 99 (2010) |
| Human papillomavirus types 5 and 8 (in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis) | Skin (nonmelanoma) | 100 (2011) |
| Human papillomavirus types 26, 53, 66, 67, 68, 70, 73, 82 | Cervix | 100 (2011) |
| Insecticides, nonarsenical (occupational exposures in spraying and application) | Lung | 53 (1991) |
| Lead compounds, inorganic | Stomach | 87 (2006) |
| Magnetic fields, extremely low frequency | Leukemia, childhood | 80 (2002) |
| Mate drinking, hot | Gastrointestinal tract, upper (esophagus, pharynx, larynx) | 51 (1991) |
| Mitoxantrone | Leukemia (acute myeloid) | 76 (2000) |
| Nitrate or nitrite (ingested) under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation | Stomach | 94 (2010) |
| Nitrogen mustard | Leukemia; skin | Sup 7 (1987) |
| Petroleum refining (occupational exposures) | Leukemia; skin | 45 (1989) |
| Pickled vegetables (traditional Asian) | Esophagus; stomach | 56 (1993) |
| Polychlorinated biphenyls | Hepatobiliary tract | Sup 7 (1987) |
| Polychlorophenols or their sodium salts (combined exposures) | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma; soft tissue sarcoma | 71 (1999) |
| Printing processes | Kidney; lung; oropharynx; urinary bladder | 65 (1996) |
| Schistosoma japonicum | Colorectum; liver | 61 (1994) |
| Shiftwork that involves circadian disruption | Breast | 98 (2010) |
| Styrene | Lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms | 82 (2002) |
| Talc-based body powder (perineal use) | Ovary | 93 (2010) |
| Teniposide | Leukemia | 76 (2000) |
| Tetrachloroethylene | Cervix; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; esophagus | 63 (1995) |
| Textile manufacturing | Nasal cavity; urinary bladder | 48 (1990) |
| Trichloroethylene | Liver and biliary tract; non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 63 (1995) |
| Welding fumes | Lung | 49 (1990) |