Figure 4.

Log mean ratings of the perceived intensity of sweetness, sourness, and saltiness for the sucrose, citric acid (CA), and NaCl stimuli presented alone (light bars) or with the retronasal odors furaneol, vanillin, or citral over 5 trials. Asterisks indicate significant differences between conditions (Tukey HSD, P < 0.05). Letters on the right y axis represent labels on the gLMS: BD, barely detectable; W, weak; M, moderate; S, strong. Vertical bars represent the standard errors of the mean.