Table 2.

Neuropsychological protocol and description of neuropsychological tests (N = 83)

Cognitive domain	Test	Test description	Dependent measure	N	Mean (SD)
Intelligence	Spot the Word	Computerized adaptation of the Spot the Real Word test (Baddeley, Emslie, & Nimmo-Smith 1993) where participants are asked to discriminate between a valid word and a foil	Number of correct response	80	−1.74 (1.59)
Speed of Processing and Motor Function	Timing	Assesses the ability of the participant to accurately estimate time duration between stimuli	Timing	78	0.69 (1.40)
	Simple Motor Tapping	Assesses the number of taps made during a 60 s trial for both dominant and non-dominant hand	Dominant	79	−1.49 (1.95)
			Non-dominant	79	−0.88 (1.83)
	Choice Reaction Time	Assesses the time is takes a participant to perceive and respond to a target on the computer screen	Timing	69	−2.09 (1.60)
Attention	Span of Visual Memory	Computerized adaptation to the Spatial Span Test for the Wechsler Memory Scale and assesses ability to attend to and correctly respond to visual sequences	Correct Responses	74	−0.69 (1.20)
	Digit Span	Assesses attention and working memory by requiring the individual to recall increasingly longer strings of numbers	Forward	82	−0.36 (0.92)
			Backward	80	−0.61 (0.97)
	Switching of attention-Task 1	Computer adaptation of Trail Making Test A to assess visual-scanning and attention abilities when dealing with a familiar sequence	Time to Completion	82	−0.64 (1.71)
Language and Fluency	Animal Naming	Assesses rapid categorical naming under timed conditions	Total number of words generated	77	−0.91 (1.31)
	Letter Fluency	Assesses rapid word generation under timed conditions given a letter cue (FAS)	Total number of words generated	77	−0.94 (1.31)
Learning and Memory	Verbal List Learning	Measures verbal learning and retrieval across four trials and after a 20 min delay	Total number of words across five trials	76	−1.92 (1.45)
			Number of words recalled at 20 min delay	72	−1.42 (1.18)
Executive Functioning	Switching of attention-Task 2	Computer adaptation of Trail Making Test B that assesses sequencing and mental flexibility by requiring subject to alternate between two familiar sequences while keeping them both in order	Time to Completion	73	−1.14 (2.14)
	Verbal Interference	Similar to the Stroop task and assesses the ability to inhibit more automatic and irrelevant responses to provide required response under timed conditions	Number of correct responses	81	−0.75 (1.45)
	Maze Task	Computer adaptation of the Austin Maze (Walsh, 1985) and assesses pursuit of hidden path through a matrix of circles	Number of mazes completed	77	−0.99 (1.43)
			Number of errors	77	−2.27 (1.81)
			Time to Completion	77	−2.57 (1.44)