Table 4.

Effects of recent CD4 and PVL measures on cognitive domain scores

Clinical covariate	Effect on cognitive domain
	Executive functioning	Attention	Language and fluency	Learning and memory	Speed of processing and motor function
CD4 count 1 year prior to testing (100 cells) (effect [95% CI], p-value)	0.17 (0.07 to 0.28), .001	0.14 (0.04 to 0.23), .003	0.11 (−0.03 to 0.25), .11	0.06 (−0.08 to 0.21), .38	0.04 (−0.07 to 0.15), .47
Change in CD4 (cells/day) during study (effect [95% CI], p-value)	−0.18 (−0.76 to 0.39), .54	−0.42 (−0.95 to 0.12), .12	−0.34 (−1.12 to 0.43), .38	−0.6 (−1.43 to 0.23), .15	0.39 (−0.24 to 1.03), .22
Undetectable PVL 1 year prior to testing (effect [95% CI], p-value)	0.06 (−0.52 to 0.64), .84	0.09 (−0.43 to 0.61), .72	0.28 (−0.51 to 1.06), .49	0.34 (−0.5 to 1.19), .43	0.18 (−0.44 to 0.81), .57
Changea in PVL during study (effect [95% CI], p-value)	0.7 (0.22 to 1.19), .004	0.29 (−0.15 to 0.73), .20	0.40 (−0.25 to 1.05), .22	0.75 (0.04 to 1.47), .04	−0.02 (−0.57 to 0.54), .95

Notes: PVL = plasma viral load. Models are adjusted for age, race, gender, and the number of PVL tests performed over the year.

^aTakes on values −1, 0, and 1: −1 indicates undetectable PVL 1 year prior to cognitive testing and detectable PVL at testing; 0 indicates PVL category remained unchanged; 1 indicates PVL was detectable 1 year prior to testing and undetectable at testing.