Table 3.
Estimates of the Association between (log) Annual Earnings in Principal Nursing Position of US-trained Nurses and (log) Number of Nurses
| Log Annual Earnings | All States | Excluding CA, FL, TX | States >5% Foreign Population | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OLS No Demand Variables | OLS Demand Variables | IV No Demand Variables | IV Demand Variables | IV No Demand Variables | IV Demand Variables | IV No Demand Variables | IV Demand Variables | |
| Log Number of Nurses | −0.194*** (0.035) | −0.118*** (0.043) | ||||||
| Instrument: 4-Year Lag Log Number Foreign-trained Nurses | −0.179 (0.149) | −0.198 (0.196) | −0.183 (0.164) | −0.219 (0.194) | −0.244 (0.359) | −0.393 (0.264) | ||
| Instrument: 4- and 8-Year Lags Log Number Foreign-trained Nurses | −0.183 (0.149) | −0.200 (0.177) | −0.162 (0.154) | −0.212 (0.196) | −0.330 (0.318) | −0.389 (0.264) | ||
| Over ID Test: Coefficient and [p-value] on | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | −0.008 | −0.013* | ||
| 8-Yr Lag Log Num. Foreign-trained Nurses | [0.885] | [0.746] | [0.644] | [0.715] | [0.252] | [0.056] | ||
| Instrument: 4-Year Lag Log Number Foreign-trained Nurses by Year | −0.185*** (0.081) | −0.124 (0.117) | −0.308*** (0.088) | −0.281*** (0.133) | −0.015 (0.189) | −0.194 (0.141) | ||
| Instrument: 4-year lag Log Number Foreign Nurses by Year by Region | −0.294 (0.281) | −0.263*** (0.072) | −0.330** (0.153) | −0.300*** (0.076) | −0.250 (0.153) | −0.272 (0.279) | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Number of Observations | 121376 | 121376 | 108013 | 68819 | ||||
| Mean Annual Earnings | 40060 | 40060 | 39399 | 42114 | ||||
Notes: Figures in each cell are based on a single regression. Each regression includes controls for: respondent’s age, education, gender, whether white, marital status, years since received nursing license, year and state effects, state unemployment rate, per-capita income, proportion elderly, proportion black, population growth (4-year change), hospital admissions per-capita (and its square) and outpatient visits per capita (and its square). Regressions are weighted by individual weight. Murphy-Topel standard errors that account for clustering at state-year level are in parentheses.
**
0.01<p=<0.05,
***
p=<0.01.