Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics. Continuous data are presented as mean ± SD.
| Variable | AVR with PH n = 506 | AVR no PH n = 574 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative Variables | (%) | (%) | |
| Age in years | 72.3 ± 10.7 | 70.2 ± 13.5 | 0.004 |
| Male gender | 299 (59.1) | 332 (57.8) | 0.711 |
| NYHA III or IV | 390 (77.1) | 338 (58.9) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 44 (8.7) | 44 (7.7) | 0.578 |
| MI | 147 (29.1) | 111 (19.3) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 188 (37.2) | 129 (22.5) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 374 (73.9) | 384 (66.9) | 0.014 |
| LVEF | 46 ± 15 | 52 ± 13 | <0.001 |
| Previous CPB surgery | 107 (21) | 88 (15) | 0.014 |
| Operative Variables | |||
| Isolated AVR | 220 (43.5) | 298 (51.9) | 0.003 |
| Concomitant Procedures | |||
| CABG ± other | 193 | 209 | |
| CABG + MVR | 21 | 5 | |
| MV ± other | 38 | 9 | |
| Other | 34 | 52 | |
| CPB time | 160 ± 57 | 153 ± 54 | 0.034 |
| Aortic CC time | 109 ± 45 | 106 ± 40 | 0.297 |
| Postoperative Variables | |||
| Prolonged ventilation | 132 (26.1) | 96 (16.7) | <0.001 |
| CVA | 23 (4.5) | 16 (2.8) | 0.142 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 180 (36) | 201 (35) | 0.849 |
| Placement of IABP | 56 (11) | 15 (3) | <0.001 |
| Operative mortality | 47 (9.3) | 31 (5.4) | 0.018 |
| Median LOS days | 8 (6-84) | 7 (6-91) | 0.001 |
| Total Follow up (years) | 3.4 ± 3.2 | 4.4 ± 3.5 | <0.001 |
NYHA, New York Heart Association Functional Heart Failure class; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MI, myocardial infarction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; AVR, aortic valve replacement; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; CC, cross-clamp; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; LOS, length of stay. Other surgeries include tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and surgery for arrhythmia.