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. 2011 Dec 21;6(12):e29359. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029359

Table 1. Questions asked and methods used to study chemical defences in Gracilaria vermiculophylla.

Question Method
Does simulation of herbivory by mechanical wounding elicit an activated defence? LC/MS and GC/MS based metabolomics to study metabolic responses in mechanically wounded tissue. Resulted grazer deterrence assessed by Idotea baltica bioassays.
Follow-up question: Are up-regulated metabolites in the activated defence produced de-novo from arachidonic acid? LC/MS analysis of labelling pattern following administration of deuterated arachidonic acid to mechanically wounded tissue.
Does mechanical wounding cause a similar metabolic response as natural grazing? Exposure of algae to 1 and 2 h intense grazing by Idotea baltica followed by targeted analysis of the metabolites significantly up-and down regulated in response to mechanical wounding.
Can a defence be induced by signals from attacked tissue? LC/MS and GC/MS based metabolomics to study metabolic responses in intact tissue exposed to extracts from mechanically wounded algae. Resulted grazer deterrence assessed by Idotea baltica bioassays.
Does local mechanical wounding lead to an activated defence reaction in neighbouring tissue? Local mechanical wounding of tissue and extraction of intact neighbouring tissue for targeted analysis of the metabolites significantly up-and down regulated in response to mechanical wounding.