Table 1. Baseline characteristics of treatment-naïve, HIV-infected children receiving care at Macha Hospital, Zambia from 2007–2010.
| Study population (n = 351) N (%) | |
| Median age in years (IQR)(n = 351) | 2.6 (1.4, 5.7) |
| <2 yrs | 140 (39.9) |
| 2–4 yrs | 109 (31.1) |
| ≥5 yrs | 102 (29.1) |
| Male (n = 351) | 158 (45.0) |
| Mother received PMTCT (n = 348) | 22 (6.3) |
| Vital status of parents (n = 347) | |
| Both alive | 264 (76.1) |
| One parent died | 64 (18.4) |
| Both died | 19 (5.5) |
| Primary caregiver (n = 348) | |
| Mother/Father | 272 (78.2) |
| Grandparent | 39 (11.2) |
| Aunt/uncle | 26 (7.5) |
| Other | 11 (3.2) |
| Education of primary caregiver (n = 337) | |
| None | 12 (3.6) |
| Primary | 211 (62.6) |
| Secondary | 110 (32.6) |
| Higher | 4 (1.2) |
| Socioeconomic status (n = 348) | |
| ≤25th percentile | 233 (67.0) |
| 26–50th percentile | 96 (27.6) |
| 51–75th percentile | 17 (4.9) |
| 76–100th percentile | 2 (0.6) |
| Median WAZ (IQR)a (n = 283) | −2.2 (−3.4, −1.3) |
| ≥−2 | 133 (45.9) |
| <−2 to −3 | 70 (24.1) |
| <−3 | 87 (30.0) |
| Median CD4% (IQR) (n = 320) | 20.7 (14.7, 27.6) |
| Severe immunodeficiencyb | 129 (40.3) |
| WHO stage (n = 264) | |
| 1 | 50 (18.9) |
| 2 | 78 (29.6) |
| 3 or 4 | 136 (51.5) |
| Eligible for ARTc (n = 351) | 210 (59.8) |
ART: antiretroviral treatment ; IQR: interquartile range; PMTCT: prevention of mother-to-child transmission; WAZ: weight-for-age z-score; WHO: World Health Organization.
a
Among children <10 years of age.
b
Defined by age for all children according to the 2006 WHO guidelines.
c
Defined retrospectively according to the WHO treatment guidelines in effect at the time of study enrollment.