Table 3. Comparison of characteristics at study enrollment between children who died, and children who were eligible and ineligible for ART at study enrollment.
| Children who died (n = 27) N (%) | Surviving children eligible for ARTa (n = 189) N (%) | p-valueb | Surviving children ineligible for ARTa (n = 135) N (%) | p-valueb | |
| Male | 10 (37.0) | 87 (46.0) | 0.38 | 61 (45.2) | 0.44 |
| Median age (IQR) | 1.4 (0.7, 2.6) | 2.0 (1.1, 4.7) | 0.07 | 4.3 (2.1, 7.0) | <0.0001 |
| <2 yrs | 18 (66.7) | 91 (48.2) | 31 (23.0) | ||
| 2–4 yrs | 5 (18.5) | 55 (29.1) | 49 (36.3) | ||
| ≥5 yrs | 4 (14.8) | 43 (22.8) | 0.20 | 55 (40.7) | <0.0001 |
| Median WAZ (IQR)c | −3.7 (−4.4, −2.1) | −2.3 (−3.6, −1.4) | 0.03 | −1.8 (−2.6, −0.9) | 0.0002 |
| ≥−2 | 4 (21.1) | 70 (42.9) | 59 (54.6) | ||
| <−2 to −3 | 4 (21.1) | 35 (21.5) | 31 (28.7) | ||
| <−3 | 11 (57.9) | 58 (35.6) | 0.12 | 18 (16.7) | 0.0003 |
| Median CD4% (IQR) | 20.7 (14.9, 26.8) | 17.0 (10.5, 21.1) | 0.03 | 25.8 (22.1, 33.3) | 0.001 |
| Severe immunodeficiencyd | 10 (41.7) | 119 (67.2) | 0.01 | 0 (0.0) | <0.0001 |
| Median hemoglobin (IQR) | 8.9 (7.7, 9.3) | 9.5 (8.6, 10.5) | 0.001 | 10.6 (9.3, 11.3) | <0.0001 |
| <8 g/dL | 8 (33.3) | 21 (11.6) | 0.004 | 7 (5.9) | <0.0001 |
| WHO stage | |||||
| 1 | 1 (5.3) | 11 (7.1) | 38 (41.3) | ||
| 2 | 3 (15.8) | 21 (13.7) | 54 (58.7) | ||
| 3 or 4 | 15 (78.9) | 121 (79.1) | 0.51 | 0 (0.0) | <0.0001 |
| Parent's vital status | |||||
| Both alive | 19 (73.1) | 151 (79.9) | 94 (71.2) | ||
| One parent died | 7 (26.9) | 28 (14.8) | 29 (22.0) | ||
| Both died | 0 (0.0) | 10 (5.3) | 0.18 | 9 (6.8) | 0.36 |
ART: antiretroviral treatment; WAZ: weight-for-age z-score; WHO: World Health Organization.
a
ART eligibility defined retrospectively according to the WHO treatment guidelines in effect at the time of study enrollment.
b
p-value comparing surviving children to children who died.
c
Among children <10 years of age.
d
Defined by age according to the 2006 WHO guidelines.