Table 1.

Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with major depressive disorder and matched controls

	Group; mean (SD)*
Characteristic	MDD, n = 22	Control, n = 18
Age, yr	44.9 (11.3)	42.1 (11.5)
No. female	15	13
No. male	7	5
Education, yr	15.5 (2.1)	16.8 (3.7)
Duration of illness, yr	20.1 (12.8)
No. of episodes	5.6 (2.4)
Medication, no.
Antidepressants	19
Antipsychotics	5
Lithium	2
Medication-free	3
BDI score	16.1 (9.2)	0.94 (1.4)
HAM-D score	10.9 (5.1)

BDI = Beck Depression Inventory;²¹ HAM-D = Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression;²² MDD = major depressive disorder; SD = standard deviation.

^*Unless otherwise indicated.