Table III.

Risk of celiac disease after adverse fetal events.

	Matched controls n = 53,887 (%)	Celiac disease n = 11,749 (%)	Odds ratio; 95% CI OR	P-value	Adjusted odds ratio*; 95% CI AOR	P-value
Small for gestational age §	1,463 (2.7)	392 (3.3)	1.20; 1.08-1.34	0.001	1.21; 1.09-1.35	0.001
Low birth weight †	1,528 (2.8)	338 (2.9)	1.01; 0.90-1.14	0.830	1.02; 0.91-1.14	0.799
Very low birth weight #	225 (0.4)	41 (0.3)	0.87; 0.63-1.20	0.387	0.87; 0.63-1.21	0.415
Preterm birth **	2,635 (4.9)	489 (4.2)	0.87; 0.79-0.95	0.003	0.87; 0.79-0.96	0.004
Low Apgar score §§	481 (0.9)	90 (0.8)	0.84; 0.67-1.04	0.108	0.82; 0.66-1.03	0.082
Infection ††	2,676 (5.0)	630 (5.4)	1.05; 0.96-1.14	0.289	1.05; 0.96-1.14	0.306

^*Births with complete data on infant sex, maternal age at delivery, parity, and dates of birth were included in the analysis. We adjusted for maternal age, parity, maternal diabetes, maternal celiac disease, and education level (model I). Accordingly, the number of births differs between the analyses: Unadjusted model (11,749 individuals with celiac disease and 53,887 controls) and adjusted model (11,738 individuals with celiac disease and 53,755 controls).

^§Birth weight and/or length below two standard deviations according to mean for gestational age.

^†Low birth weight: 1500-2500g.

^#Very low birth weight: ≤1500g.

^**Preterm birth: < 37 gestational weeks.

^§§Apgar score below 7 at five minutes of age.

^††Neonatal infection according to the Medical Birth Register.