Table 4.
Model and Method | Relative Riskb | 95% Confidence Interval | P for Trend | P for Nonlinearity | P for Heterogeneity |
Fixed-effects model | |||||
Primary data | |||||
Age-adjusted | 1.21 | 1.16, 1.26 | <0.0001 | 0.22 | <0.0001 |
Multivariatec | 1.07 | 1.03, 1.12 | 0.001 | 0.17 | 0.11 |
Floating absolute risk | 1.07 | 1.03, 1.12 | <0.001 | 0.19 | 0.11 |
Greenland and Longnecker | 1.07 | 1.02, 1.12 | 0.002 | 0.22 | 0.11 |
Hamling | 1.07 | 1.03, 1.12 | 0.002 | 0.17 | 0.10 |
Zero correlationd | 1.03 | 0.98, 1.08 | 0.28 | 0.15 | 0.02 |
Random-effects model | |||||
Primary data | |||||
Age-adjusted | 1.20 | 1.08, 1.34 | 0.0009 | ||
Multivariatec | 1.07 | 1.01, 1.14 | 0.03 | ||
Floating absolute risk | 1.07 | 1.01, 1.14 | 0.03 | ||
Greenland and Longnecker | 1.07 | 1.00, 1.13 | 0.04 | ||
Hamling | 1.07 | 1.01, 1.14 | 0.03 | ||
Zero correlationd | 1.02 | 0.94, 1.11 | 0.58 |
Analyses were based on pooled primary and summarized published dose-response data (Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(3):657–667) and assumed either nonzero or zero covariances across relative risks within each study.
Relative risk for a 12-g/day increase in alcohol intake.
Adjusted for smoking status (never, past, or current), smoking duration for past and current smokers (years), number of cigarettes smoked daily for current smokers (continuous), educational level (less than high school graduate, high school graduate, or postsecondary education), body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2; <23, 23–<25, 25–<30, or ≥30), and energy intake (kcal/day).
Covariances among log relative risks within each study were set to zero.