Expression of PPAR-α and PPAR-δ target genes and PGC-1α and PGC-1β in Atg/KO, Hs/KO, and wild-type tissues. mRNA expression levels for selected PPAR-α and PPAR-δ target genes and PGC-1α and PGC-1β were determined by RT-qPCR analysis. (a,b) Cardiac (a) and hepatic (b) mRNA expression of PPAR-α and PPAR-δ target genes were markedly decreased in fasted 8- to 10-week-old female Atg/KO mice compared to age-matched Hs/KO and wild-type mice. (c,d) mRNA levels of genes encoding PGC-1α and PGC-1β mRNA were also reduced in cardiac muscle (c) but increased in the liver (d) of fasted Atg/KO mice compared to wild-type mice. n = 4. Error bars show means ± s.d. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001.