Table 1.
Demographic, Clinical, and Positron Emission Tomographic Procedural Characteristics of the 96 Study Participants
| Characteristic | PTSD Group (n=49) | TC Group (n=20) | HC Group (n=27) | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, mean (SD) [range], y | 32.0 (9.3) [19.0–54.0] | 30.7 (9.6) [20.0–55.0] | 30.4 (8.9) [18.0–54.0] | .74 |
| Sex, M/F, No. | 26/23 | 14/6 | 17/10 | .39 |
| Ethnicity, No. | ||||
| White | 23 | 10 | 22 | NA |
| African American | 19 | 9 | 4 | NA |
| Hispanic | 7 | 1 | 1 | NA |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 28.4 (5.0) | 27.2 (4.4) | 24.2 (4.6) | .003b |
| Smoking status, No. | .95 | |||
| Yes | 4 | 2 | 2 | NA |
| No | 45 | 18 | 25 | NA |
| Description of index trauma, No. (%) | ||||
| Physical assaultc | 38 (77.6) | 16 (80.0) | NA | NA |
| Combat related | 9 (18.4) | 4 (20.0) | NA | NA |
| MVC | 2 (4.1) | 0 | NA | NA |
| Indices of lifetime trauma burden, mean (SD) | ||||
| Age at first trauma, y | 15.1 (5.5) | 16.5 (7.0) | NA | .39 |
| No. of lifetime traumatic experiencesd | 4.7 (2.5) | 3.6 (2.5) | NA | .11 |
| Clinical measures, mean (SD) | ||||
| HAM-A score | 19.3 (7.2) | 2.5 (3.1) | 3.3 (4.3) | <.001e |
| MADRS score | 25.6 (8.2) | 3.7 (3.2) | 4.1 (4.5) | <.001e |
| CAPS total score | 66.5 (19.7) | 3.3 (5.2) | NA | <.001e |
| CAPS reexperiencing cluster score | 17.7 (7.4) | 0.56 (1.4) | NA | <.001e |
| CAPS avoidance cluster score | 27.6 (9.9) | 0.89 (1.9) | NA | <.001e |
| CAPS hyperarousal cluster score | 21.2 (6.7) | 1.9 (3.1) | NA | <.001e |
| Injection variables, mean (SD) | ||||
| Injected dose, MBq | 596 (135.00) | 637 (99.00) | 625 (140.00) | .41 |
| Specific activity, MBq/nmol | 165 (69.08) | 176 (83.00) | 176 (67.00) | .77 |
| Injected mass, μg | 1.89 (1.35) | 1.89 (1.02) | 1.73 (0.77) | .83 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CAPS, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV; F, female; HAM-A, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety; HC, healthy (ie, non–trauma-exposed) control participant; M, male; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; MVC, motor vehicle crash; NA, not applicable; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; TC, trauma-exposed control participant free of lifetime psychiatric illness.
Determined by independent-samples t tests or analyses of variance followed by the Tukey post hoc test for continuous variables or by the χ2 test for dichotomous variables.
Post hoc PTSD>HC, P=.002.
Includes sexual assault, domestic violence, and other non–combat-related physical violence.
Those included meet DSM-IV-TR criterion A for PTSD.
Post hoc PTSD>HC, P<.001; PTSD>TC, P<.001.