Table 5. Phylogeographic studies of widely distributed marine species.
| Species | Marker | Hawai'i distinct? | F-statistics/divergence | Coalescence times | Reference |
| Fishes | |||||
| Acanthurus nigroris | Cyt b | Yes | ΦST = 0.90–0.95 | 22–45 | [75] |
| A. nigrofuscus | Cyt b | No | NA | 38–117 | [7] |
| A. triostegus | allozymes | Yes | F ST = 0.24–0.43 | NR | [90] |
| Zebrasoma flavescens | Cyt b/SSR | Yes | ΦST = 0.03–0.29F ST = 0.08–0.16 | 130–320 | [73] |
| Centroypge loriculus | Cyt b | No | NA | NR | [70] |
| Chaetodon ornatissimus | Cyt b/SSR | Yes | ΦST = 0.11–0.27F ST = 0.05–0.16 | 185–371 | [8] |
| Chanos chanos | allozymes | Yes | D = 0.003–0.138 | NR | [91] |
| Mulloidichthys vanicolensis | allozymes | Yes | Fixed allele differences | NR | [92] |
| Myripristis berndti | Cyt b | No | NA | NR | [2] |
| Pristipomoides filamentosus | Cyt b/SSR | Yes | ΦST = 0.01–0.13F ST = 0.04–0.09 | 26–52 | This study |
| Chlorurus sordidus | CR | Yes | 2.5% | NR | [1] |
| Scarus psittacus | CR | Yes | ΦST = 0.06–0.28 | 65 | [93] |
| S. rubroviolaceus | SSR | Yes | F ST = 0.105 | [69] | |
| Sphyrna lewini | Cyt b | Yes | ΦST = 0.17–0.63 | 280 | [94] |
| Gymnothorax flavimarginatus | Cyt b/COI/RAG1/RAG2 | No | NA | NR | [67], [68] |
| G. undulatus | Cyt b/COI/RAG1/RAG2 | No | NA | NR | [67], [68] |
| Mammals Stenella longirostris | CR/SSR | Yes | ΦST = 0.22–0.64 F ST = 0.06–0.09 | NR | [82] |
| Sea Cucumbers Holothuria atra | COI | Yes | ΦST = 0.08–0.89 | NR | [74] |
| Lobsters Panulirus penicillatus | Cyt b | No | NA | NR | Iacchei et al. (unpubl. data) |
| Corals Montipora capitata | SSR | Yes | GST = 0.208–0.490 | NR | Concepcion et al. (unpubl. data) |
Only studies that included Hawai'i as a sample location are reported. Species, genetic marker, and reference are listed. For species that demonstrate genetically distinct populations at Hawai'i pairwise F-statistics (P<0.05) or measures of genetic divergences (D = estimate of genetic distance [89]; d = sequence divergence) are listed (NA = not applicable). Coalescence times for the Hawaiian populations (×103), if reported, are listed (NR = not reported). Abbreviations for marker types: Cyt b = mtDNA cytochrome b; CR = mtDNA control region; COI = cytochrome oxidase subunit 1; SSR = simple sequence repeats (microsatellites); RAG = recombination activation gene intron.