Table 2.
Key demographic and perioperative variables
| C3S (N=85 at 1 day) | C3F+ (N=57 at 1 day) | p Value | CFH (N=120 at 1 day) | Y402H++ (N=17 at 1 day) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic variables | ||||||
| Age | 70.3 (8.9) | 71.0 (9.8) | 0.34 | 70.1 (9.1) | 71.9 (10.6) | 0.25 |
| Male | 59 (69.4%) | 39 (68.4%) | 0.71 | 82 (68.3%) | 12 (70.6%) | 0.91 |
| White | 77 (90.6%) | 55 (96.5%) | 0.16 | 113 (94.2%) | 15 (88.2%) | 0.31 |
| Years of education | 14.7 (3.36) | 15.0 (2.68) | 0.27 | 15.0 (3.14) | 13.4 (2.74) | 0.02* |
| Right-hand-dominant | 81 (95.3%) | 53 (92.0%) | 0.41 | 113 (94.2%) | 16 (94.1%) | 0.66 |
| Medical history | ||||||
| Obesity | 24 (28.6%) | 11 (19.6%) | 0.16 | 31 (26.3%) | 3 (17.7%) | 0.33 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 16 (18.8%) | 8 (14.0%) | 0.31 | 20 (16.7%) | 4 (23.5%) | 0.34 |
| Hypertension | 57 (67.1%) | 40 (70.2%) | 0.42 | 80 (66.7%) | 13 (76.5%) | 0.30 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 56 (65.9%) | 41 (71.9%) | 0.28 | 81 (67.5%) | 13 (76.5%) | 0.33 |
| Previous cerebrovascular accident | 45 (52.9%) | 23 (40.4%) | 0.10 | 57 (47.5%) | 9 (52.9%) | 0.44 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 17 (20.0%) | 10 (17.54%) | 0.45 | 24 (20.0%) | 3 (17.7%) | 0.56 |
| Previous CEA | 10 (11.8%) | 1 (1.75%) | 0.03* | 10 (8.3%) | 1 (5.9%) | 0.59 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 9 (10.8%) | 4 (6.90%) | 0.56 | 11 (9.32%) | 1 (5.90%) | 1.00 |
| Symptomatic CEA | 2 (2.35%) | 4 (6.90%) | 0.22 | 4 (3.31%) | 2 (11.8%) | 0.16 |
| Ipsilateral stenosis (%) | 86.5 (10.0) | 88.4 (7.82) | 0.28 | 86.1 (9.47) | 90.9 (6.82) | 0.02* |
| Contralateral stenosis (%) | 32.7 (32.5) | 42.9 (30.8) | 0.13 | 36.2 (32.3) | 43.0 (32.8) | 0.47 |
| Genetic variables | ||||||
| Apolipoprotein E-ε4 | 19 (25.0%) | 11 (20.8%) | 0.37 | 28 (25.5%) | 2 (12.5%) | 0.21 |
| Inducible nitric oxide synthase promoter | 21 (26.6%) | 13 (24.5%) | 0.48 | 30 (26.6%) | 3 (18.8%) | 0.37 |
| Intraoperative variables | ||||||
| Right-side CEA | 45 (52.9%) | 30 (52.6%) | 0.55 | 62 (51.7%) | 10 (58.8%) | 0.39 |
| Surgery duration (min) | 160.9 (42.9) | 153.3 (32.3) | 0.11 | 160.0 (40.5) | 145.8 (29.1) | 0.04* |
| Clamp duration (min) | 44.1 (16.0) | 40.6 (15.6) | 0.10 | 43.6 (16.1) | 39.5 (15.4) | 0.16 |
| Fentanyl (μg/kg) | 2.17 (1.11) | 2.47 (1.32) | 0.08 | 2.32 (1.22) | 2.11 (1.19) | 0.26 |
| Midazolam (mg/kg) | 0.033 (0.014) | 0.036 (0.017) | 0.16 | 0.035 (0.015) | 0.029 (0.011) | 0.02* |
| EEG change | 4 (4.71%) | 1 (1.75%) | 0.33 | 3 (2.50%) | 2 (11.8%) | 0.12 |
| Shunt placed | 4 (4.71%) | 1 (1.75%) | 0.33 | 3 (2.50%) | 2 (11.8%) | 0.12 |
Values are expressed as number (percentage of cases or SD).
CEA, carotid endarterectomy; CFH, one or no Y402H alleles; C3F+, presence of any (one or two) C3F allele; C3S, no C3F allele; Y402H++, two Y402H alleles.
*
Statistically significant; p values are from the t test for continuous variables and Fisher exact test or Pearson χ2 test for categorical variables.