Table 3.

Demographics of diabetic and non-diabetic patient groups

Variable	Type 1 diabetes mellitus	Gestational diabetes mellitus	Non-diabetic controls
Age (years)	36 (28–39)	33 (30–37)	33 (24–44)
BMI (kg/m2)	29.5 (24–32)	29 (26–35)	27 (19–45)
Gestational age (weeks)	37 (35–37)	38 (37–38)	39 (37–40)
Birthweight (kg)	3.42 (2.72–4.30)	3.73 (3.20–4.20)	3.48 (2.69–4.48)

Data are median (interquartile range) from the patient groups

All data in all groups were from women having an elective Caesarean section, i.e. they were not in labour. Elective section before 37 weeks in non-diabetic patients was due to placenta praevia, and before 38 weeks was due to rhesus disease, maternal request, placenta praevia or unstable

See ESM Table 1 for full control patient data