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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Genet. 2011 Sep 18;43(10):1031–1034. doi: 10.1038/ng.937

Fig 1. Population phylogeny and genealogies.

Fig 1

The population phylogeny assumed in this study, with one diploid genome per population (see Table 1) and a haploid chimpanzee outgroup. The Yoruban and Bantu individuals were included in the analysis as alternative African ingroups (denoted X), because their relationship to one another was uncertain (Supplementary Note). The free parameters in our model include the five population divergence times (τ) and ten effective population sizes (θ), all expressed in units of expected mutations per site. Various “migration bands” (gray arrow), allowing for gene flow between populations, were also considered, with the (constant) migration rates along these bands also treated as free parameters. The two parameters of primary interest were the San (τKHEXS) and African-Eurasian (τKHEX) divergence times. Absolute divergence times (in years) and effective population sizes (in numbers of individuals) were obtained by assuming a human-chimpanzee average genomic divergence time of 5.6–7.6 Mya, with a point estimate of 6.5 Mya.