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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Anesthesiology. 2012 Jan;116(1):35–46. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31823d010a

Figure 4. Chronically instrumented rats: Electroencephalography and electromyography measurements.

Figure 4

A: Electroencaphalography Power Spectrum. Please note that the electroencephalogram during slow wave sleep and ketamine anesthesia look similar (high slow-wave frequency power), but different from wakefulness and rapid eye movement sleep.

B: Neck muscle electromyogram: neck muscle electromyogram was significantly higher during low-dose, but not during high-dose ketamine anesthesia compared with (quiet) wakefulness and sleep.

C: Genioglossus electromyogram: Genioglossus electromyogram was significantly higher during ketamine anesthesia compared with wakefulness and sleep.

* p < 0.05 versus low-dose ketamine anesthesia (60 mg/kg)

# p < 0.05 versus high-dose ketamine anesthesia (125 mg/kg)

REM = rapid eye movement sleep, SWS = slow wave sleep, hi K = high-dose ketamine anesthesia, lo K = low-dose ketamine anesthesia, EMG = electromyogram, mg = milligram, kg = kilogram