Table 1.
Sample Characteristics for the Full Sample, Current Smokers, Former Smokers and those who have Never Smoked.
| Full Sample | Regular Smoker | Never Regular Smoker | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | Former | |||
| N | 612 | 166 | 181 | 265 |
| Age, years | 42.5 (1.8) | 42.3 (1.9) | 42.6 (2.0) | 42.5 (1.7) |
| Education, years | 13.6 (2.6) | 12.5 (2.1) | 13.6 (2.4) | 14.4 (2.7) |
| Race | ||||
| White | 78.1% | 75.9% | 80.7% | 77.7% |
| Black | 16.7% | 19.3% | 13.3% | 17.4% |
| Hispanic/other | 5.2% | 4.8% | 6.1% | 4.9% |
| Male | 39.5% | 33.1% | 34.8% | 46.8% |
| Income category | ||||
| Less than 20,000 | 10.0% | 20.7% | 6.6% | 5.7% |
| 20,000–60,000 | 37.8% | 48.2% | 33.2% | 34.5% |
| More than 60,000 | 52.2% | 31.1% | 60.2% | 59.9% |
| Literacy Skills1 | ||||
| Reading | 12.5 (4.8) | 10.3 (4.6) | 13.2 (4.7) | 13.4 (4.6) |
| Numeracy | 5.5 (1.9) | 4.7 (1.9) | 5.8 (1.7) | 5.7 (1.8) |
| Speaking | 7.7 (4.4) | 6.9 (4.2) | 7.8 (4.1) | 8.1 (4.7) |
| Listening | 7.9 (4.3) | 6.7 (4.2) | 8.3 (4.3) | 8.4 (4.2) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current | 27.1% | |||
| Former | 29.6% | |||
| Never | 43.3% | |||
| Began smoking at 18+ | 17.7% | 24.6% | ||
1
Reading, speaking and listening were scored on a continuous scale as grade equivalents, range K.0 (kindergarten, at 5 years of age) to >18.0 (18 years of education). Numeracy was scored on a continuous scale, range 0 to 8.