Figure 1.

Schematic representation of the GABAergic interneurons and pyramidal neurons that generate gamma oscillation. A) Pyramidal neurons send excitatory signals to B) chandelier cells, a type of fast-spiking, parvalbumin-producing GABAergic interneuron, which in turn sends inhibitory signals back to the pyramidal cells. Activated interneurons can propagate inhibitory signals to multiple pyramidal cells and other electrically coupled (↯) interneurons via C) electrical gap junctions. The excitatory input from pyramidal cells and the inhibitory responses of the GABAergic interneurons generate synchronized activity imposing gamma oscillation onto the entire local network.