Table 3.

Histopathological findings in lupus mastitis

Study	Location	Pathology
Arsenovic and Terzic23	Right breast	Extensive hyaline fat necrosis associated with a lymphocytic infiltrate, both surrounding and in the lobular septa; microcalcifications present; lymphocytic vasculitis
Bachmeyer et al18	Right breast	Voluminous calcifications with a fibrous reaction in breast parenchyma and rare ducts surrounded by lymphocytic infiltrate
Bayar et al3	Right breast	Extensive stromal fibrosis, ductal and lobular atrophy and scattered stromal lymphocytes infiltrating some ducts
Carducci et al7	Right breast	Lymphocytic lobular panniculitis with fat necrosis
Castro et al5	Right breast	Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate rich in xanthomatous histiocytes, fat necrosis and ductal hyperplasia
Cernea et al24	Left breast	Hyalinisation of subcutaneous fat cells and collagen in the dermis with lymphocytic infiltrate
Cerveira et al15	Left breast	Lobular and periseptal panniculitis with focal hyaline fat necrosis, lymphocytic infiltrate and coarse calcifications
Chen et al6	Both breasts	Extensive mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells around breast lobules and small vessel walls
Crevits et al16	Right breast	No biopsy or excision performed
De Bandt et al8	Both breasts	Hyaline fat coagulation, lymphocytic reaction and hyalinization of fat lobules with sclerosis/microcalcifications
Fernandez-Flores11	Left breast	Lymphocytic panniculitis and vasculitis
Fernandez-Torres11	Left breast	Hyaline fat necrosis/calcifications, lymphocytic vasculitis; lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the reticular dermis/subcutaneous fat, germinal centres present
Georgian-Smith et al17	Left breast	Fat necrosis with microcalcification. Mastectomy confirmed the diagnosis of lupus mastitis
Guerre et al19	Both breasts	Lymphocytic panniculitis with fat necrosis
Harris and Winkelmann28	Left breast	Did not describe specific features – ‘consistent with lupus erythematosus panniculitis’
Harris and Winkelmann28	Both breasts	Biopsy never performed
Holland et al20	Right breast	Fat necrosis and inflammation
Holland et al20	Right breast	Chronic inflammation and fat necrosis compatible with panniculitis
Kinonen et al4	Both breasts	Hyaline fat necrosis with lymphocytes in the subcutaneous fat, with germinal centre formation
Kinonen et al4	Left breast	Prominent hyaline fat necrosis with widespread lymphocytic infiltration of the adipose tissue
Martella et al12	Left breast	Panniculitis with areas of hyaline necrosis, perivascular inflammation and vasculitis
Nigar et al25	Right breast	Inflammation and degenerative features consistent with lupus mastitis
Pons and Ortiz-Medina29	Both breasts	Findings suggestive of lupus mastitis
Sabate et al26	Left breast	Lobular panniculitis, including areas of hyaline and fat necrosis, perivascular lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis
Summers et al10	Right breast	Lobular lymphocytic panniculitis with lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates extending into fat and hyaline sclerosis of fat lobules
Tuffanelli DL13	Right breast	Lymphocytic panniculitis
Vidal Pich et al14	Right breast	Findings suggestive of lupus mastitis
Wang et al21	Both breasts	Coarse dystrophic calcification, fatty necrosis and perivascular lymphocyte infiltration
Wani et al22 (BMJ case reports)	Left breast	Did not describe specific features – ‘consistent with lupus mastitis’
Current case	Right breast	Fat necrosis with prominent calcifcation and sclerosis, lymphocytic infiltrates/vasculitis
Winkelmann9	Breast	ductal calcification