Table 1.
Demographic, Alcohol Use and Deviance Proneness Measures a
| Long-Term Abstinent Alcoholics (LTAA) | Treatment-Naïve Active Alcoholics (TxN) | Uncombined Non-Alcoholic Controls (NAC) | Effect Size b,c %) vs. Combined NAC | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| for LTAA (middle-aged) | for TxN (young adult) | |||||||||||
| Men (n =28) | Women (n =24) | Men (n =49) | Women (n =37) | Men (n =25) | Women (n =23) | Men (n = 40) | Women (n = 30) | LTAA vs. NAC | LTAA vs. TxN | TxN vs. NAC | ||
| Demographic Variables | ||||||||||||
| Age | 45.0 ± 6.9 | 48.4 ± 6.4 | 31.3 ± 7.8 | 31.0 ± 6.7 | 43.4 ± 6.3 | 48.0 ± 6.6 | 32.5 ± 8.5 | 32.0 ± 8.7 | 23.8*** | 2.4*** | 1.3 | |
| Education (years) | 15.6 ± 2.0 (n = 27) | 15.8 ± 2.3 (n = 20) | 16.1 ± 1.8 | 15.8 ± 1.6 | 16.3 ± 2.2 | 16.0 ± 1.9 | 16.4 ± 1.8 | 16.3 ± 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.3 | |
| Family Drinking Density d | 0. 40 ± 0.3 | 0. 44 ± 0.3 | 0.14 ± 0.2 (n = 48) | 0.25 ± 0.3 | 0.14 ± 0.2 | 0.17 ± 0.2 | 0.12 ± 0.17 | 0.13 ± 0.25 | 23.8*** | 2.4*** | 1.3 | |
| Alcohol Use Variables | ||||||||||||
| Lifetime Dose (std. drinks/month) | 179 ± 149 (n =27) | 137 ± 81 (n =20) | 100 ± 45 | 78 ± 88 | 6.9 ± 8.3 | 6.8 ± 7.6 | 7.09 ± 6.8 | 5.7 ± 4.9 | 51.7 f | 11.4*** | 46.5 f | |
| Peak Dose (std. drinks/month) | 341 ± 257 (n = 27) | 287 ± 213 (n = 20) | 181 ± 121 | 152 ± 205 | 15.1 ± 14.45 | 16.7 ± 22.4 | 15 ± 15 | 14 ± 16 | 53.0 f | 11.8*** | 33.5 f | |
| Age Started Drinking | 14.8 ± 2.9 | 17.1 ± 5.6 | 16.0 ± 1.8 | 15.8 ± 2.1 | 18.8 ± 4.9 | 20.4 ± 4.9 | 19.31 ± 4.0 | N/A | 11.6*** | 0.0 | 18.3*** | |
| Age First Heavy Use | 21.5 ± 4.6 | 26.1 ± 8.1 | 22.1 ± 5.5 | 21.7 ± 5.6 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 2.4 | N/A | |
| Abstinence (days) | 2167 ± 2175 | 2571 ± 2142 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| Deviance Proneness Measures g | ||||||||||||
| MMPI Psychopathic Deviance Scale | 21.8 ± 4.2 | 21.5 ± 3.8 | 19.0 ± 4.3 | 19.6 ± 5.3 | 16.7 ± 3.0 | 16.2 ± 3.2 | 16.3 ± 3.1 | 16.0 ± 3.7 | 33.5*** | 6.1** | 12.6*** | |
| CPI Socialization Scale | 27.4 ± 5.7 | 29.8 ± 5.9 | 31.4 ± 4.4 | 31.0 ± 6.0 | 36.2 ± 4.0 | 36.3 ± 3.1 | 35.9 ± 4.4 | 37.1 ± 3.8 | 38.0*** | 5.3** | 24.5*** | |
a
Measures are reported as mean ± standard deviation.
b
Percent of variance of dependent variable accounted for by group membership (SPSS’s partial eta squared).
c
Effect is significant:
*
p ≤0.05,
**
p ≤0.01,
***
p ≤0.001.
d
Family drinking density is the proportion of first-degree relatives who were problem drinkers; statistical analysis was performed after arcsine transformation.
f
Although we present values, statistical comparisons are not valid because these measures are associated with the sampling plan.
g
Scales run in opposite directions; i.e., higher ‘psychopathic’ scores = greater deviance, but higher socialization scores = greater socialization.