Table 3. Appearance of new P. vivax infections in patients with P. falciparum monoinfection at the time of treatment.

Study	Population (Location)	Follow-Up	Treatment	Sample Size	New Vivax Infection	p-Value
Hutagulung et al. [58]	Adults and children >10 kg (Thailand)	42 d	AL	225	40.0%	<0.001
			Artesunate-mefloquine	227	12.7%
van den Broek et al. [66]	Adults and children ≥1 y (Bangladesh)	42 d	AL	121	20.7%	<0.001
			Chloroquine-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine	122	3.3%
			Artesunate-mefloquine	121	5.0%
Smithuis et al. [64]	Adults and children >6 mo and >5 kg (Myanmar)	63 d	AL	137	35.8%	<0.001
			Artesunate-amodiaquine	129	29.5%	n.s.
			Artesunate-mefloquine (fixed dose)	148	31%	Reference group
			Artesunate-mefloquine (loose tablet)	130	32.3%	0.0001
			DHA-PQP	135	34%	n.s.
Mayxay et al. [61]	Adults and children ≥1 y (Laos)	42 d	AL	110	1.5%	n.s.
			Chloroquine-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine	110	0
			Artesunate-mefloquine	110	0

n.s., not significant.