Table 3. Association between epilepsy and traumatic brain injury and subsequent violent crime in Sweden (1973–2009) stratified by age of first diagnosis, clinical subtype, and severity.
| Variable | Subgroup | Number of Violent Persons (Percent) | Sample Size | Statistic, p-Value |
| Epilepsy | ||||
| Age of onset | First diagnosed under age 16 y | 317 (3.2%) | 10,056 | χ2 1 = 52.1, p<0.001 |
| First diagnosed at age 16 y or older | 656 (5.1%) | 12,891 | ||
| Clinical subtype | Complex partial seizures | 71 (3.1%) | 2,305 | χ2 3 = 12.9, p = 0.005 |
| Other partial seizures | 76 (5.2%) | 1,474 | ||
| Generalised | 213 (3.9%) | 5,453 | ||
| Other or unspecified | 519 (4.4%) | 12,716 | ||
| Severity | Shorter treatment length (less than 15 d) | 880 (4.3%) | 20,548 | χ2 1 = 0.9, p = 0.35 |
| Longer treatment length (15 d or more) | 93 (3.9%) | 2,399 | ||
| Traumatic brain injury | ||||
| Age of onset | Diagnosed under age 16 y | 358 (6.7%) | 5,310 | χ2 1 = 35.7, p<0.001 |
| Diagnosed at age 16 y or older | 1,653 (9.4%) | 17,604 | ||
| Clinical subtype | Cerebral oedema | 233 (7.2%) | 3,234 | χ2 2 = 6.4, p = 0.04 |
| Focal | 182 (8.9%) | 2,039 | ||
| Haemorrhagic | 341 (7.1%) | 4,672 | ||
| Severity | Traumatic brain injury | 2,011 (8.8%) | 22,914 | χ2 1 = 21.9, p<0.001 |
| Concussion only | 21,078 (7.9%) | 266,709 |