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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2012 Feb;107(2):263–275. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03657.x

Table 3.

Recommended Criteria and Example Items for DSM-5

  1. Criterion: Strong and bothersome craving both during on-going smoking and when quitting or reducing smoking.

    • Sample items:

    • “When I’m really craving a cigarette, it feels like I’m in the grip of some unknown force that I cannot control.” (NDSS)

    • “I frequently crave cigarettes.” (Brief WISDM)

  2. Criterion: Significant withdrawal symptoms, including craving, during smoking cessation or reduction.

    • “Whenever I go without a smoke for a few hours, I experience …” (NDSS)

    • “When I haven’t been able to smoke for a few hours, I notice…” (Brief WISDM)

      1. Craving

      2. Irritability, anger

      3. Anxiety

      4. Sadness, depression

      5. Difficulty concentrating

      6. Insomnia

      7. Impatience

      8. restlessness

  3. Criterion: Latency to smoke upon awakening.

    • Sample item. “On days that you can smoke freely, how soon after waking do you smoke your first cigarette?” (FTND)

      1. Within 5 minutes

      2. 6 – 30 minutes

      3. 31 – 60 minutes

      4. After 60 minutes

  4. Criterion: Smoking heaviness; average number of cigarettes smoked/day on a typical day of smoking.

    • Sample item. “On days that you smoke, how many cigarettes do you usually smoke?” (FTND)

      1. 10 or less

      2. 11 – 15

      3. 16 – 19

      4. 20 – 25

      5. 26 – 30

      6. 31 or more

Note. The sample items are derived and adapted from items contained in either the FTND, the NDSS, or the WISDM and Brief WISDM.