Table 1.
Distribution of physical performance measures by indicators of socioeconomic position in the NSHD
| Balance time (seconds) | Chair rises time (seconds) | Grip strength (kg), men | Grip strength (kg), women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean (SD)c | N | Mean (SD)c | N | Mean (SD)a | N | Mean (SD)a | |
| Men | 1374 | 5.6 (4.7) | 1357 | 19.6 (9.3) | 1406 | 47.9 (12.1) | ||
| Women | 1410 | 4.5 (3.6) | 1400 | 21.2 (11.5) | 1444 | 27.4 (7.7) | ||
| Socioeconomic position | ||||||||
| Father’s occupation | ||||||||
| I and II | 603 | 5.8 (4.8) | 612 | 19.7 (7.8) | 306 | 48.6 (12.5) | 310 | 27.9 (8.0) |
| III Non manual | 490 | 5.5 (4.6) | 491 | 20.3 (8.7) | 240 | 47.2 (11.6) | 256 | 28.3 (7.7) |
| III Manual | 768 | 4.8 (3.9) | 755 | 20.4 (10.4) | 394 | 48.5 (12.4) | 407 | 26.9 (7.6) |
| IV and V | 689 | 4.5 (3.5) | 670 | 21.2 (11.7) | 355 | 46.7 (11.7) | 345 | 27.7 (7.6) |
| Overall test for associationb | P < 0.001 | P = 0.009 | P = 0.237 | P = 0.257 | ||||
| Mother’s education | ||||||||
| Secondary and further education or higher | 296 | 6.3 (5.3) | 300 | 19.5 (7.8) | 149 | 48.0 (12.9) | 153 | 27.4 (8.7) |
| Secondary only or primary and further education or higher | 290 | 6.5 (5.6) | 288 | 19.3 (9.9) | 157 | 47.7 (12.0) | 140 | 27.8 (6.9) |
| Primary and further education (no qualifications attained) | 366 | 5.3 (4.5) | 363 | 19.9 (9.8) | 193 | 48.7 (13.6) | 181 | 27.4 (7.2) |
| Primary only | 1521 | 4.6 (3.5) | 1501 | 21.0 (10.9) | 754 | 47.9 (11.7) | 814 | 27.3 (7.8) |
| Overall test for associationb | P < 0.001 | P = 0.005 | P = 0.746 | P = 0.883 | ||||
| Education at 26 years | ||||||||
| University degree and eq. | 268 | 6.9 (6.3) | 268 | 18.7 (6.7) | 200 | 47.0 (13.8) | 70 | 27.6 (8.0) |
| Adv. Secondary | 687 | 5.9 (4.8) | 696 | 19.7 (8.4) | 374 | 49.3 (12.0) | 317 | 29.0 (7.4) |
| Ordinary secondary | 658 | 4.9 (3.8) | 651 | 21.0 (11.5) | 257 | 47.8 (11.5) | 412 | 27.7 (7.8) |
| No qualifications | 1022 | 4.2 (3.1) | 992 | 21.3 (11.0) | 499 | 47.4 (11.8) | 563 | 26.7 (7.6) |
| Overall test for associationb | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P = 0.267 | P = 0.032 | ||||
| Adult occupation | ||||||||
| I and II | 1207 | 5.6 (4.6) | 1195 | 20.0 (9.4) | 531 | 48.7 (12.2) | 692 | 28.4 (7.7) |
| III Non manual | 638 | 5.1 (4.1) | 635 | 20.1 (9.2) | 436 | 48.5 (11.9) | 212 | 27.1 (6.6) |
| III Manual | 483 | 4.4 (3.3) | 478 | 20.3 (11.0) | 183 | 48.6 (11.5) | 320 | 26.4 (7.9) |
| IV and V | 443 | 4.3 (3.5) | 432 | 21.8 (11.9) | 245 | 46.0 (11.8) | 212 | 27.1 (7.8) |
| Overall test for associationb | P < 0.001 | P = 0.687 | P = 0.092 | P = 0.167 | ||||
a Mean and SD is weighted for study design. b Wald test adjusted for height and gender, and study design. c Geometric mean