Table 2.

Childhood SEP and physical performance: Differences in standardised physical performance at age 53 years by father’s occupation and maternal education (the unit difference in physical performance is 1 standard deviation, and numbers in table are difference in outcome comparing the lowest (0th percentile) with the highest (100th percentile) SEP (Slope Index of Inequality, SII)

	Standing balance (std. devs.) (N = 1353)		Chair rises (std. devs.) (N = 1343)		Grip strength (std. devs.) (N = 1390)
	Difference in balance (per 1 SD) comparing low with high SEP	P-value	Difference in chair rises (per 1 SD) comparing low with high SEP	P-value	Difference in grip strength (per 1 SD) comparing low with high SEP	P-value
Maternal education
Model 0: Adjusted for gender	−0.67 (−0.92, −0.41)	<0.001	−0.23 (−0.48, 0.02)	0.070	−0.07 (−0.32, 0.17)	0.556
Model 1: Adjusted for gender, height and weight	−0.62 (−0.87, −0.36)	<0.001	−0.23 (−0.48, 0.02)	0.067	−0.01 (−0.25, 0.22)	0.931
Model 2: Model 1 + Father’s occupation	−0.55 (−0.83, −0.28)	<0.001	−0.12 (−0.39, 0.15)	0.374	−0.01 (−0.27, 0.24)	0.912
Model 3: Model 2 + Childhood growth and home environment	−0.48 (−0.75, −0.20)	0.001	−0.12 (−0.39, 0.16)	0.404	−0.03 (−0.28, 0.23)	0.847
Model 4: Model 2 + Childhood cognition and coordination	−0.44 (−0.72, −0.15)	0.002	−0.13 (−0.40, 0.15)	0.377	−0.02 (−0.29, 0.24)	0.861
Model 5: Model 2 + Education and adult SEP	−0.41 (−0.69, −0.13)	0.005	−0.11 (−0.39, 0.17)	0.451	0.02 (−0.25, 0.28)	0.900
Model 6: Model 2 + adult life style, health and cognition	−0.44 (−0.72, −0.16)	0.002	−0.11 (−0.38, 0.16)	0.412	−0.00 (−0.26, 0.25)	0.987
Model 7: Fully adjusted	−0.32 (−0.61, −0.04)	0.027	−0.13 (−0.42, 0.15)	0.349	−0.00 (−0.26, 0.26)	0.995
Father’s occupation
Model 0: Adjusted for gender	−0.41 (−0.64, −0.19)	<0.001	−0.37 (−0.61, −0.12)	0.004	−0.08 (−0.30, 0.14)	0.471
Model 1: Adjusted for gender, height and weight	−0.35 (−0.58, −0.12)	0.003	−0.37 (−0.61, −0.13)	0.003	0.00 (−0.20, 0.22)	0.944
Model 2: Model 1 + Maternal education	−0.19 (−0.44, 0.06)	0.130	−0.33 (−0.60, −0.07)	0.013	0.01 (−0.21, 0.23)	0.919
Model 3: Model 2 + Childhood growth and home environment	−0.12 (−0.36, 0.13)	0.342	−0.33 (−0.61, −0.05)	0.019	0.02 (−0.21, 0.25)	0.845
Model 4: Model 2 + Childhood cognition and coordination	−0.09 (−0.34, 0.16)	0.479	−0.33 (−0.61,−0.04)	0.024	0.02 (−0.21, 0.25)	0.863
Model 5: Model 2 + Education and adult SEP	−0.06 (−0.31, 0.20)	0.655	−0.31 (−0.59,−0.03)	0.030	0.04 (−0.18, 0.27)	0.724
Model 6: Model 2 + adult life style, health and cognition	−0.07 (−0.32, 0.18)	0.603	−0.28 (−0.54, −0.13)	0.040	0.02 (−0.20, 0.25)	0.829
Model 7: Fully adjusted	0.05 (−0.20, 0.29)	0.711	−0.28 (−0.57, 0.01)	0.059	0.04 (−0.19, 0.27)	0.714

Model 0: Adjusted for gender

Model 1: Adjusted for gender, height and weight at 53 years

Model 2: Model 1 + adjusted for maternal education/father’s occupation

Model 3: Model 2 + adjusted for birth weight, height and weight at 4 years, and height and weight change 4–7 years, home environment at age 4 years

Model 4: Model 2 + adjusted for age of first walking, cognition at 8 years, coordination at 15 years

Model 5: Model 2 + adjusted for education and adult SEP

Model 6: Model 2 + adjusted for adulthood (53 years) physical activity, smoking, health conditions, cognitive function, and lung function

Model 7: Fully adjusted