Table 3.
Adult SEP and physical performance: Differences in standardised physical performance at age 53 years by educational level and adult occupation (the unit difference in physical performance is 1 standard deviation, and numbers in table are difference in outcome comparing the lowest (0th percentile) with the highest (100th percentile) SEP (Slope Index of Inequality, SII)
| Standing balance (std. devs.) (N = 1353) | Chair rises (std. devs.) (N = 1343) | Grip strength (std. devs.) (N = 1390) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difference in balance (per 1 SD) comparing low with high SEP | P-value | Difference in chair rises (per 1 SD) comparing low with high SEP | P-value | Difference in grip strength (per 1 SD) comparing low with high SEP | P-value | |
| Own education | ||||||
| Model 0: Adjusted for gender | −0.69 (−0.92, −0.46) | <0.001 | −0.18 (−0.42, 0.05) | 0.131 | −0.15 (−0.37, 0.08) | 0.207 |
| Model 1: Adjusted for gender, height and weight | −0.63 (−0.86, −0.40) | <0.001 | −0.17 (−0.41, −0.07) | 0.162 | −0.08 (−0.30, 0.14) | 0.484 |
| Model 2: Model 1 + Adult occupation | −0.52 (−0.76, −0.27) | <0.001 | −0.10 (−0.35, 0.15) | 0.429 | −0.04 (−0.28, 0.20) | 0.752 |
| Model 3: Model 2 + Childhood factors | −0.23 (−0.51, 0.05) | 0.111 | 0.01 (−0.28, 0.30) | 0.940 | −0.07 (−0.35, 0.20) | 0.606 |
| Model 4: Model 3 + Adult life style, health and cognition | −0.14 (−0.43, 0.16) | 0.370 | 0.08 (−0.21, 0.37) | 0.594 | −0.07 (−0.35, 0.22) | 0.643 |
| Adult occupation | ||||||
| Model 0: Adjusted for gender | −0.50 (−0.72, −0.28) | <0.001 | −0.20 (−0.42, 0.03) | 0.090 | −0.25 (−0.47, −0.03) | 0.024 |
| Model 1: Adjusted for gender, height and weight | −0.49 (−0.71, −0.26) | <0.001 | −0.23 (−0.46, −0.01) | 0.045 | −0.14 (−0.36, 0.08) | 0.212 |
| Model 2: Model 1 + Own education | −0.33 (−0.57, −0.10) | 0.005 | −0.20 (−0.44, 0.04) | 0.102 | −0.13 (−0.36, 0.10) | 0.282 |
| Model 3: Model 2 + Childhood factors | −0.30 (−0.53, −0.07) | 0.012 | −0.18 (−0.43, 0.06) | 0.141 | −0.13 (−0.37, 0.10) | 0.262 |
| Model 4: Model 3 + Adult life style, health and cognition | −0.23 (−0.46, 0.00) | 0.054 | −0.12 (−0.37, 0.12) | 0.328 | −0.10 (−0.34, 0.13) | 0.399 |
Model 0: Adjusted for gender
Model 1: Adjusted for gender, height and weight at 53 years
Model 2: + adult occupation/education
Model 3: + adjusted for father’s occupation and maternal education, birth weight, height and weight at 4 years, and height and weight change 4–7 years, age of first walking, cognition at 8 years, coordination at 15 years, home environment at age 4 years
Model 4: + adjusted for adulthood (53 years) physical activity, smoking, health conditions, cognitive function, and lung function