Table 2.

Propranolol increases the expression of 10 cell cycle-related genes in TAC mice

	Brca1	Cdkn2a	Chek1	Rad51	Slfn1	Ccna2	Ccnb1	Ccnb2	Mki67	Nek2
Fold of change
TAC (n = 4)	1.2 ± 0.2	2.2 ± 0.3	1.8 ± 0.3	1.6 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.2	1.6 ± 0.2	2.1 ± 0.3	2.2 ± 0.4	1.7 ± 0.3	2.4 ± 0.2
Pro-Sham (n = 4)	1.0 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.2
Pro-TAC (n = 5)	3.9 ± 0.2*	5.2 ± 0.2‡	4.5 ± 0.2‡	3.9 ± 0.2*	2.5 ± 0.1*	4.3 ± 0.2‡	6.2 ± 0.3*	7.5 ± 0.3*	4.9 ± 0.2‡	8.1 ± 0.4‡

^*P < 0.05 versus Sham group

^‡P < 0.01 versus Sham group.

Real-time PCR data are shown as fold change (±SEM) relative to mean Sham values. In TAC mice, propranolol treatment caused a significant increase of cell cycle gene expression including both genes associated with cell proliferation and those known to negatively regulate cell cycle progression. For each group, individual data points expressed as 2^−ΔCt[2 −^{(Ctgene target}−^Ctgapdh)] were used for statistical analysis (Schmittgen and Livak, 2008).