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. 2011 Dec;164(8):2029–2041. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01517.x

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Chronic treatment with sildenafil reverses the learning deficit in aged Tg2576 mice. (A) Scheme showing times of injection, training and death. Escape latency of the visible- (B) and hidden-platform (C) in the MWM test for the non-transgenic mice and transgenic mice treated with saline (Non-Tg saline; Tg2576 saline) or sildenafil (Non-Tg sildenafil; Tg2576 sildenafil). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 10–12 in each group). Tg2576 saline mice showed significantly longer escape latencies in the hidden-platform training thatn the Non-Tg saline group (**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, anova with Scheffe's post hoc test), Non-Tg sildenafil ($P < 0.01, $$$P < 0.001, anova with Scheffe's post hoc test) and to Tg2576 sildenafil-treated group (††P < 0.01, †††P < 0.001, anova with Scheffe's post hoc test). (D) Percentage of time spent searching for the target quadrant of the probe test. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM n = 10–12 in each group. Tg2576 saline mice performed significantly worse than Non-Tg saline (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, anova with Scheffe's post hoc test), Non-Tg sildenafil ($P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01, anova with Scheffe's post hoc test) and Tg2576 sildenafil (†P < 0.05, anova with Scheffe's post hoc test) in the probe trial. (E) Tg2576 saline mice exhibited significantly less freezing than the Non-Tg control mice (*P < 0.05, anova with Scheffe's post hoc tests) and Tg2576 sildenafil mice (†P < 0.05, anova with Scheffe's post hoc tests) in the fear conditioning task. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM n = 10–12 in each group. (F) Aged wild-type (Non-Tg) mice receiving sildenafil for 5 weeks showed a significant enhancement of memory compared with Non-Tg saline-treated mice ($P < 0.05, Student's t-test). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM n = 10–12 in each group.