Table 2.
Association between sleep variables and cardiovascular disease.
| Sleep variables | No at risk* (n = 449) | Weighted prevalence of CVD, % | Age, sex adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Multivariable adjusted OR (95% CI)† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep duration, h | ||||
| ≤5 | 58 | 29.2 | 3.51 (1.55–7.95) | 2.89 (1.17–7.16) |
| 6 | 101 | 17.6 | 1.55 (0.71–3.42) | 1.32 (0.56–3.09) |
| 7 | 98 | 12.6 | 1 (referent) | 1 (referent) |
| 8 | 145 | 22.1 | 1.85 (0.89–3.85) | 1.67 (0.76–3.66) |
| ≥9 | 47 | 18.5 | 1.46 (0.54–3.93) | 1.15 (0.38–3.53) |
| Frequency of daytime sleepiness, h | ||||
| 1 | 253 | 14.3 | 1 (referent) | 1 (referent) |
| 2 | 161 | 22.6 | 1.53 (0.91–2.57) | 1.33 (0.76–2.34) |
| >2 | 35 | 54.6 | 6.06 (2.71–13.52) | 4.45 (1.85–10.72) |
| P-trend | <0.0001 | 0.003 | ||
| Difficulty falling asleep | ||||
| Never | 200 | 14.8 | 1 (referent) | 1 (referent) |
| Sometimes | 178 | 20.0 | 1.60 (0.92–2.78) | 1.23 (0.68–2.25) |
| Often or always | 71 | 31.9 | 3.39 (1.76–6.53) | 2.60 (1.25–5.42) |
| P-trend | 0.0004 | 0.02 |
Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.
*Unweighted sample size
†Adjusted for age (years), sex (men, women), education (<high school, high school, >high school), current smoking (absent, present), current alcohol consumption (absent, present), physical activity (absent, present), body mass index (kg/m2), diabetes (absent, present), hypertension (absent, present), depression (absent, present), cancer (absent, present), chronic pain (absent, present) and back pain (absent, present).