Table 1.
Summary of the main clinically confirmed and suspected diagnoses, Jayapura, northeastern Papua Indonesia*
| Diagnosis | No. | No. confirmed | Age, years (range) | Sex ratio M:F | Fever duration, days (range) | Fever clearance, days (range) | Bacteriologic result | Serologic result | No. died | CFR (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory infections | ||||||||||
| Bacterial pneumonia | 29 | 6 | 27 (11–65) | 20:9 | 8.3 (1–30) | 4.1 (1–47) | Streptococcus pneumoniae (4), Staphylococcus aureus (1), S. pyogenes (1) | MT (1) | 2 | 6.9 |
| Pulmonary tuberculosis | 8 | 3 | 29 (19–77) | 5:3 | 14.5 (1–30) | 1.8 (1–4) | ZN stain positive | 0 | 1 | 12.5 |
| Bronchitis | 8 | 0 | 16 (1–60) | 5:3 | 2.5 (1–5) | 1.5 (1–10) | Negative | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Upper RT infection | 6 | 0 | 12–40 | 5:1 | 1–7 | 1–4 | Negative | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Central nervous system | ||||||||||
| Meningitis/encephalitis | 15 | 2 | 23.5 (9–16) | 10:5 | 3 (1–14) | 1.5 (1–16) | S. pneumoniae (1) Escherichia coli (1) | DEN + JE (1) | 7 | 46.7 |
| Urinary tract | ||||||||||
| Pyelonephritis/cystitis | 20 | 6 | 30 (17–56) | 7:13 | 6.5 (1–17) | 2.3 (1–7) | BC: E. coli (5), K. pneumoniae (1) | MT (1) MT + JE (1) | 2 | 9.5 |
| Systemic infections | ||||||||||
| Typhoid fever | 41 | 13 | 22 (8–70) | 22:19 | 4 (1–14) | 3 (1–11) | S. Typhi (13) | LPT (3) DEN (2) MT (1) LPT + SCR (2) LPT + MT (2) SCR + MT (1) SFG + DEN (1) | 1 | 2.4 |
| Leptospirosis | 28 | 20 | 25 (13–68) | 20:8 | 4 (1–21) | 2.5 (1–20) | Negative | SCR (3) MT (3) DEN (1) SFG (1) SCR+DEN (1) | 1 | 3.6 |
| Rickettsial infections | 19 | 15 | 29 (8–80) | 15:4 | 5.5 (1–14) | 1.5 (0–11) | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Murine typhus | 15 | 13 | – | – | – | – | Negative | LPT (1), DEN (1) | 0 | 0 |
| Spotted fever group | 2 | 2 | – | – | – | – | Negative | 0 | ||
| MT + SFG, MT + SFG + SCR | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | Negative | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dengue | 17† | 9 | 19 (10–32) | 7:10 | 3.5 (1–8) | 1.5 (1–4) | Negative | MT (2), SCR (1) SCR + LPT (1) | 1 | 5.9 |
| Sepsis | 4 | 4 | 34.5 (11–52) | 1:3 | 2.5 (1–7) | 1 (1–5) | S. aureus (2), E. coli (1) S. pneumoniae (1) | 0 | 1 | 25 |
*
CFR = case fatality rate; MT = murine typhus; ZN = Ziehl Nielsen staining of sputum; RT, respiratory tract; DEN = dengue; JE = Japanese encephalitis, BC = blood culture; LPT = leptospirosis; SCR = scrub typhus; SFG = spotted fever group.
†
Two patients had a highly suggestive diagnosis of dengue on the basis of an IgG titer ≥ 1:1,280.